JP1000 Lecture 13

Informal style

1. Question (unisex)

   (1) S  / (rising intonation)
     Ano hito sensee./
     Okusan genki./
     Kono Kanji shitteru./
     Sono eega omoshiroi./
     [N.B.]  Itsu irassharu./ (F) 
     use of honorifics in informal style: F-register

   (2) S + NO  /  "Is it the case that S?"
     Otoosan Nihon-jin na no. / (N na no)
     Oneesan kiree na no./
     Ashita kuru no./
     Nihongo muzukashii no./
     Itsu dekakeru no./

2. Confirmation Question: S + NE

MALE                            FEMALE
(Noun)
Kore ii hon da ne.              Kore ii hon ne.
Ano jisho dame da ne.           Ano jisho dame ne.
(Adj/Verb)
Kono zasshi tsumaranai ne.      Kono zasshi tsumaranai wa ne.
Kyoo kuru ne.                   Kyoo kuru wa ne.

3. Answer/Assertion

 
MALE                            FEMALE
(Noun)
Ano hito sensee da yo.          Ano hito sensee yo.
Mainichi hima da ne.            Mainichi hima ne.
(adj/Verb)
Sono kuruma takai yo.           Sono kuruma takai wa yo.
Sugu kaeru yo.                  Sugu kaeru wa yo.

4. Informal Request: TE-form (+ YO/NE)

MALE                            FEMALE

Chotto matte yo.                Chotto matte (ne).
                                Chotto omachi ni natte (ne).
                                Mata irasshite (ne).

Sentence particle: NEE & NE

     Ano hito wa hen na hito (desu: N/da: M) nee.         (F)   
     Soo (desu: N/da: M) nee.                             (F)
     Gakusee wa yoku benkyoo-shimasu(N)/suru (wa: F) nee. (M)
     Hontoo (desu: N/da: M) nee.                          (F)

[Confirmation Question] NE

     Kyoo no shinbun arimasu/aru (wa: F) ne.
     Yooku-Daigaku wa Toronto desu/(da: M) ne.

[Interjection:  'you know'] NE(E)  {do not overuse}

Ashita ne, Nihon kara ne, tomodachi ga kuru kara ne .....

Regular humble form: o/go + V_n + suru/itasu

Humble forms are generally used when the speaker does something on behalf 
of the hearer (sometimes for his/her in-group member), but some 
differences can be observed due to the peculiar characteristics of verbs.

[Sp in deference to H]
     o-shirase-suru/itasu
     o-machi-suru/itasu
     o-mise-suru/itasu
     o-ukagai-suru/itasu
     o-tsutae-suru/itasu

     go-renraku-suru/itasu
     go-shookai-suru/itasu

[Sp on behalf of/in place of H]
     o-kaki-suru/itasu
     o-tsukuri-suru/itasu
     o-yomi-suru/itasu
     o-yobi-suru/itasu
     o-kiki-suru/itasu
     o-tori-suru/itasu

[Sp apologizing to H]
     o-matase-suru/itasu
     o-negai-suru/itasu
     o-kari-suru/itasu
     o-wabi-suru/itasu
     o-jama-suru/itasu

NA-adjectives: affectively in-tuned

     ooki-i/na         'big'     ooki-na kaisha
     chiisa-i/na       'small'   chiisa-na niwa
     atataka-i/na      'warm'    atataka-na iro
     yawaraka-i/na     'soft'    yawaraka-na futon

Causal Connective NODE 'since' :  S₁(cause)  NODE  S₂(result)  [cf. KARA]

     Sumimasen. Basu ga okureta node osoku narimashita.
     Osoku narimasu node kono hen de shitsuree-shimasu.
     Byooki na node hayaku kaerimasu.
     Wakaranakatta node tomodachi ni kikimashita.