JP1000 Lecture 14

Eating & drinking in Japan

    Discussion: What do you know about Japanese food, drinks, restaurants, etc?

    Vocabulary and useful expressions - listed under Vocabulary

Informal past tense form

     -ta: past tense/perfective aspect

     [Verb] Replace -te with -ta in TE-form
       kai-ta/mi-ta/wakat-ta/ki-ta .....

     [Adjective] Replace -i with -katta
       omoshiro-katta/muzukashi-katta/oishi-katta/ooki-katta ....

[N.B.] Adjective + desu
    *omoshiroi da      *omoshiroi datta
     omoshiroi desu   ??omoshiroi deshita      ???omoshirokatta deshita
     omoshirokatta      omoshirokatta desu    

     -nai/nai ---> (-)nakatta
       Daigaku ni ikana-katta
       Ii shigoto wa moo na-katta

     [Copula] -datta
       Nihonjin datta/ii eega datta/kiree datta/kinoo made datta ...

Uses of informal present & past tense forms

  1. Sentence final (+ SP)

    2. Denwa o kakeru yo.
    Kono niku takakatta ne.
    Osake nonda no.
    Hontoo datta wa.
     
  2. Clause final: [connective]

    3. Samukatta kara, seetaa o kita/kimashita.
    Takakatta keredo, katta/kaimashita.
    Yuki ga futta kara, dekakenakatta/dekakemasen deshita.
     
  3. Before modals: [deshoo/yoo desu/ka mo shiremasen ....]

    4. Otooto wa doko e itta deshoo ka.
    Nihongo no shiken wa muzukashikatta deshoo.
     
  4. Relative clause final: [noun] {to be discussed later}

    5. Nihon ni iku hito 'the person who is going to Japan'
    Kinoo atta tomodachi 'the friend I saw yesterday'
     
  5. Embedded sentence final: s[ s[ ] ] {to be discussed later}

    6. Nihongo o naratta koto ga arimasu ka. "Have you ever studied Japanese?"
    Daigaku ni iku no wa kirai desu. "I hate going to the university."

Representative actions {to be expanded later}

    Structure:    V1-tari,  V2-tari (,V3-tari) shimasu 
    Meaning:      I do things like V1, V2, and (V3).

     Shuumatsu ni wa terebi o mi-tari, hon o yon-dari shimasu.
     Paatii de wa biiru o non-dari, dansu o shi-tari shimasu.

'ALREADY' / 'NOT YET'

     moo  + affirmative    :   already
     mada + negative       :   not yet

       Moo tabemashita ka.
       Hai, (moo) tabemashita.
       Iie, mada desu/tabemasen/tabete imasen. {*tabemasen deshita}

       Shinbun wa mada kimasen ka.
       Hai, (mada) kimasen.
       Iie, moo kimashita yo.

    (cf.)  mòo:  'already'   moo:  'more'

Idiomatic expression: ~ NI SURU 'decide on ~'

     Kono jisho ni shimashita.
     Yooku daigaku ni shimashita.
     Moo go-ji da kara, shigoto wa ashita ni shimashoo.

     (cf.)~ NI NARU 'to be decided on ~'
       Shigoto wa raishuu ni narimashita.
       Daigaku wa Toronto daigaku ni narimashita.

Counters

   [glass of/ cup of] -hai
        ip-pai/ni-hai/san-bai/yon-hai/go-hai/rop-pai/nana-hai/hap-pai/
        kyuu-hai/jup-pai...../nan-bai

   [fish/some small animal] -hiki
        ip-piki/ni-hiki/san-biki/yon-hiki/go-hiki/rop-piki/nana-hiki/hap-piki/
        kyuu-hiki/jup-piki......./nan-biki

   [portion/serving] -nin-mae
        ichi-nin-mae/ni-nin-mae/san-nin-mae/yo-nin-mae....../nan-nin-mae
© Norio Ota 2000