JP1000: Lecture 20

JP1000 Lecture 20

[Sentence] + Abstract Noun + Copula

TSUMORI: intention 'intend to'

     (Watashi wa) rainen Nihon e iku tsumori desu.

     Ano hito wa nani o suru tsumori deshoo ka?

     Kyoo wa konai tsumori deshita ga, shigoto ga hayaku owatta node 

        kimashita.

     Terebi o miru tsumori de wa nakatta keredo, mite shimaimashita.

HAZU: conjecture 'be supposed to', 'must'

     Moo sugu basu ga kuru hazu desu.

     Haha wa byooki de uchi ni iru hazu desu.

     Sensee wa mada kono koto o shiranai hazu desu.

     Yoku oshiete ageta kara, tomodachi wa wakatta hazu desu.

     Kono shigoto o shite shimau hazu deshita ga, dekimasen deshita.

SOO₁: hearsay 'I have heard', 'They say'

     Ano gakusee wa spiichi kontesuto ni deru soo desu.

     Konban kara yuki ga furu soo desu.

     Nihongo no shiken wa amari muzukashiku nai soo desu.

     Machida-san wa senshuu kuni e kaetta soo desu.

     Sono eega wa zenzen omoshiroku nakatta soo desu.

SOO₂: appearance 'It seems', 'It appears' (N.B. Vn/Ast/AN + soo)

     Kyoo wa ame ga furi-soo desu ne.

     Ano hito wa takusan tabe-soo desu.

     Kanji no benkyoo wa omoshiro-soo desu.

     Obaasan wa zuibun genki-soo desu ne.

KOTO: experience 'have -ed'

     Nihongo o benkyoo-shita koto ga arimasu.

     Kodomo no toki ni Doitsu ni itta koto ga arimasu.

     Kono Kanji wa mita koto ga arimasen.

TE-form:

[Manner]

     Daigaku made aruite kimashita.

     Maiasa basu ni notte ikimasu.

     Isoide uchi ni kaerimashita.

     Ki o tsukete kuruma o unten-shimasu.

     Kurasu ni okurete kimashita.

     Shukudai o wasurete kimashita.[Errand]

     Sugu ginkoo e itte kimasu.

     Ima pan o katte kimasu.

     Omiyage o katte ikimasu.

     Mise ni yotte kaerimashita.

     Doko ka de hirugohan o tabete ikimashoo.

     

(cf.)JPN:       and COME          Soto de tabete kimasu.



     ENG: GO and                  I will go out and eat.

Comparative involving sentence modifier

[Comparative]



     Kanji wa kaku yori yomu hoo ga yasashii.

     Watashi ga iku yori anata ga iku hoo ga ii to omoimasu.

     Kuruma de iku yori chikatetsu de iku hoo ga hayai deshoo.

     Takai fune o kau yori uchi o kau hoo ga ii desu yo.



[Recommendation] 'had better'



     Amari takusan nomanai hoo ga ii desu yo.

     Motto Nihongo o benkyoo-shita hoo ga ii desu yo.

     Wakai toki takusan hon o yonda hoo ga ii to omoimasu.

Adversative Connectives:

BUT

1. S₁ GA S₂
            Kyoo wa yasumi desu ga, doko e mo ikimasen.
            Sono eega o mimashita ga, amari omoshiroku arimasen deshita.
2. S₁ KE(RE)DO S₂
            Kuruma o katta keredo, amari norimasen.
            Sushi o tabemashita keredo, oishiku arimasen deshita.
            Takai jisho o katta keredo, amari tsukaimasen deshita.
            Kodomo da kedo, iroiro yoku shitte imasu.

ALTHOUGH/EVEN THOUGH

1. S₁ -TE MO S₂
            Kanji wa benkyoo-shite mo sugu wasuremasu.
            Takaku-te mo katte kudasai.
2. S₁ NO NI S₂
            Shiken ga aru no ni, benkyoo-shimasen.
            Sonna ni tabenai no ni, futorimasu.

Approximate numbers

          ichi-ni-hon/-kai/-mai/-satsu ....

          ni-san-nin/-bai/-dai/-nichi ....

          san-shi-hon/-hai

          san-yon-satsu/-mai/-kai

          san-yo-nin/-nen

          shi-go- ....

          go-roku- ....

Counters: Measurement

     mm      miri(meetoru)

     cm      senchi(meetoru)

     m       meetoru

     km      kiro(meetoru)

     in      inchi

     ft      fiito

     ml      mairu

     l       rittoru

     gal     garon

     

     gm      guramu

     kgm     kiro(guramu)

     oz      onsu

     lb      pondo

Idiomatic expressions

     {meal}         Itadakimasu

                    Gochisoo-sama (deshita).

                    Osomatsu-sama (deshita).



     {leaving}      Itte kimasu./Itte mairimasu.

                    Itte (i)rasshai.

                    Chotto itte kimasu

                    Doozo go-yukkuri.



     {returning}

                    Tada-ima.

                    Okaeri nasai.



     {waiting}      Omachidoo-sama./Omatase shimashita.

                    Doo itashimashite.

Car-related vocabulary

        gasorin 

        shuuri-ya       

        oiru    

        taiya      

        heddo-ranpu    

        banpaa              

        fendaa              

        toranku             

        waipaa              

        uindoo              

        batterii       

        enjin     

        kuratchi       

        bureeki             

        kyaburetaa          

        ootomachikku        

        rajietaa       

        giya                

        hiitaa              

        eakon     

        handoru             

        akuseru             

        shiito              

        supea

        zenrin-kudoo        

        yonrin-kudoo        

        serufu-saabisu 

        gasorin-sutando



        gasorin o ireru

        man-tan ni suru

        panku-suru

        koshoo-suru

        shuuri-suru

        oiru o torikaeru

        taiya ni kuuki o ireru

Self: by/for oneself

     hitori de:   Kyoo wa hitori de kimashita.

     jibun de:    Itsumo jibun de benkyoo-shimasu.