JP1000 Lecture 7

Expressing desire:

       (Topic:subj wa)  (Obj o/ga)  Vn+TAI  (n)  desu  (ga/ka)

             Watashi wa ii jisho o/ga kai-tai n desu.
             Anata wa donna hon o/ga yomi-tai n desu ka?
             Kyoo wa doko e iki-tai desu ka?

       Topic: generally watashi/anata except in S n desu:

             Tomodachi wa Nihon e iki-tai n desu.
             ?Ano hito wa biiru ga nomi-tai desu.

       Conjugation of TAI: same as adjective: -taku/-takatta
             Nihongo wa benkyoo-shi-taku arimasen.
             Kyonen Nihon e iki-takatta n desu.

       Function: not used for invitation:
             ??Biiru o nomitai desu ka?  "Do you want to drink beer?"

Mutual invitation "Let's ....": V_n + MASHOO (ka/yo)

             Issho ni ikimashoo.
             Gohan o tabemashoo ka?\

It is the case that S:  S   NO/N desu [to be expanded later]

             Fuyu wa totemo samui n desu.
             Nihongo wa muzukashii n desu nee.

Polite request: V_te + KUDASAIMASEN KA?

             Sumimasen ga, chotto oshiete kudasaimasen ka?
             Sono Hiragana o kaite kudasaimasen ka?

S₁ V_te, S₂: 'and' [sequential events][to be expanded later]

             Kyoo wa terebi o mite, sugu nemasu.
             Uchi e kaette, gohan o tabete, benkyoo-shimashita.

Particles

       E:  DIRECTION  [with motion verbs]

             Doko e iki-tai desu ka?
             Kyonen Toronto e kimashita.

       NI:  GOAL    [with motion verbs]

             Uchi no mae ni kuruma o tomemashita.
             Sore o teeburu no ue ni oite kudasai.


       MADE:  UPPER LIMIT  "up to"

             Shinjuku-eki made itte kudasai.
             Doko made kaerimasu ka?

       DE:

             1) DYNAMIC LOCATIVE  [with action verbs]

                    Toshokan de hon o yomimasen ka?
                    Hon-ya de jisho o kaimashita.

             2) MEANS

                    Basu de wa ikitaku arimasen.
                    Enpitsu de kaite kudasai.

       O:  [with motion verbs]

                    Kooen        |     o      |  arukimasu.
                                 |     de     |
                                 |     e/ni   |

Polite forms:

       IRASSHAIMASU:      honorific for ikimasu/kimasu/imasu

       MAIRIMASU:         humble for ikimasu/kimasu

Demonstrative + Dimension:

       ano ushiro/sono soba/ kono yoko

Block: -choome

       it-choome/san-choome/nan-choome

Invitation:

       Koohii wa ikaga desu ka? /
       Tenisu o shimasen ka? /
       Eega o mimashoo ka? \
       Takushii de ikimashoo. \