JP2000 Lecture 27

REPRESENTATIVE TARI

1. Form: V/A-TA + RI [no inherent tense]



2. Structure: ..... TARI ..... TARI SURU



3. Usage:



   1) Representative actions or states



       Shuumatsu ni wa taitee terebi o mitari, rekoodo o kiitari shimasu.

       Nihongo no kurasu de wa Kanji o narattari, hon o yondari shite imasu.



   2)  Alternative actions or states



       Kodomo wa heya o detari haittari shite imasu.

       Sono hito wa michi o ittari kitari shite imashita.



   3)  'Sometimes X, sometimes Y'



       Shiken wa yasashikattari muzukashikattari shimasu.

       Okyaku wa Nihon-jin dattari, Chuugoku-jin dattari shimasu.

       Watashi wa kuruma de kitari, basu de kitari shimasu.



4. Variations



       Shinbun wa yondari, yomanakattari desu.

       Kyoo wa yopparattari shinai de kudasai.

       Gasorin wa hi ni yotte takakattari, yasukattari shimasu.

       Kodomo no koro wa sumoo o shitari shite asobimashita.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN + MO

1. with NEGATIVE 'no-/few, little'



       Dare mo kimasen.

       Doko e mo ikanakatta.

       Nani mo shirimasen.

       Ikura mo kaimasen deshita.



2. with AFFIRMATIVE 'every' [limited in use]



       dare mo ga haireru daigaku

       Doko mo hito de ippai desu.

       Dore mo minna ii desu.

'NO MATTER HOW .../WH-EVER' STRUCTURE: WH ....... TE MO .....

       Doko e itte mo konde imasu.

       Nani o tabete mo oishii desu.

       Nan-ji ni kite mo ii desu.

       Dono heya o tsukatte mo ii desu.

       Dare ni kiite mo wakarimasen deshita.

       Ikura benkyoo-shite mo joozu ni narimasen.

       Ikura osokute mo denwa-shite kudasai.

       Donna ni mainichi renshuu-shite mo Kanji wa oboeraremasen.

       Donna ni muzukashikute mo ganbatte kudasai.

S1 MADE S2: S2 until S1

       Kurasu ga hajimaru made koko ni imashoo.

       Hanaseru yoo ni naru made benkyoo-shimasu.

       Chichi ga kaeru made matte ite kudasai.

Particle NI: TO/FOR person

       Sore wa watashi ni wa dekinai.

       Kodomo ni wa muzukashi-sugiru.

       Kono shigoto wa anata ni wa yasashii deshoo.

       Otona ni wa tsumaranai to omoimasu.

INTERJECTION NEE: 'you know' {do not overuse}{informal}

    Boku (nee) kinoo (nee) Shinjuku de (nee) tomodachi to (nee) eega o mite 

   (nee).....



   (cf.) SAA is also used by men in very informal conversation.

       Kono kuruma (saa) kyonen baito no kane haitta kara (saa) katta n da 

       kedo (saa), chooshi warukute (saa) komatte n da yo.

PLURAL MARKERS FOR PEOPLE

1. -TACHI [plain]:    watashi-tachi/kodomo-tachi/gakusee-tachi/onna no hito-

                      tachi/Katoo-san-tachi/kimi-tachi [tomo-dachi]



2. -GATA [honorific]: sensee-gata/ minasama-gata/anata-gata/koko ni irassharu 

                      kata-gata



3. -DOMO [humble]:    watakushi-domo [ko-domo]



4. -RA:               kare-ra/boku-ra/kanojo-ra