JP2000 Lecture 28

TARA CONDITIONAL

1. Form: V/A/Cop-TA + RA [perfective aspect]

2. Structure:  S1   TARA,   S2

3. Usage:

     1)   Conditional: temporal [one-shot] event [S2: non-past]
          Nihon e ittara, kamera o kaimasu.
          Shigoto ga owattara, biiru de mo nomimashoo.
          Uchi ni kaettara, denwa-shite kudasai.

     2)   'Should': (WH) .... TARA ii deshoo (ka?)
          Doo shitara ii deshoo ka?
          Dare ni tanondara ii deshoo ka?
          Itsu motte kitara ii deshoo ka?
          Kanji o oboeru tame ni wa kono hon o yondara ii deshoo.
          Koo shitara ii deshoo.

     3)   'Why don't you .....?': .....TARA doo/ikaga desu ka?
          Osuwari ni nattara ikaga desu ka?
          Moo yametara doo desu ka?
          Sukoshi yasundara doo desu ka?

     4)  Temporal 'when': finding something unexpected [S2: past] [conditional 
			  meaning cancelled]

       	  Kurasu ni ittara, dare mo kite imasen deshita.
          Apaato ni kaettara, haha ga kite imashita.
          Soto ni detara, yuki ga futte imashita.

     5)  Counter-factual:

          Motto wakakattara, iroiro dekiru n desu ga.
          Okane ga attara, sugu atarashii kuruma o kau n desu ga.
          Watashi ga kuru koto o shitte itara, kare mo kita deshoo.

     6)  'If it is the case that ...': ...no/n dattara

          Kyoo iku n dattara, tsurete itte kudasai.
          Tabenai n dattara, boku ni kudasai.



NOMINALIZER NO
1. that S/for-to/-ing

   1)  tangible act [cf. koto: abstract/fact]
       Tomodachi ga kaeru  |  no   | o mimashita.
                      	   | *koto | 
       Jon ga Nihongo o hanasu  |  no    | o kiita.
                                | *koto  |

   2)  affective predicate [cf. koto: neutral/objective]

       Kanji o oboeru |  no   | wa iya desu.
                      | *koto | 

       Kabuki o miru |  no    | wa omoshiroi desu.
                     | ?koto  |

       Nihongo o benkyoo-suru  |  no   | o yamemashita.
                               | ?koto | 

2. Cleft sentence for emphasis: 'It is .... that .....' [no: one(s)]
   
       Watashi ga benkyoo-shite iru no wa Nihongo desu. [no: language]
       Kinoo konakatta no wa Shimizu-san desu. 		[no: person]
       Nihon ni itta no wa itsu desu ka? 		[no: time]
       Oshiete iru no wa doko no daigaku desu ka? 	[no: place]

3. Purposive: no + ni (wa) '(in order) to ...'

       Uchi o kau no ni wa takusan okane ga irimasu.
       Oyogu no ni wa sukoshi samu-sugimasu ne.
       Kaisha e iku no ni wa chikatetsu ga benri desu.


Adjective-forming suffix: -YASUI/-NIKUI: ease or difficulty of the inherent 
nature of objet
       oboe-nikui Kanji
       tsukai-yasui kamera
       Kono pen wa kaki-yasui desu.
       Sensee no setsumee wa wakari-nikui desu.
       ?Eegakan de seki wa mitsuke-nikui desu.
       ?Toronto de uchi wa kai-nikui desu.


Use of -TA for RESULTATIVE ASPECT
       kowareta kuruma     [kowarete iru]
       magatta michi       [magatte iru]
       aita mado           [aite iru]
       nokotta nomimono    [nokotte iru]
       konda densha        [konde iru]
       kasa o motta hito   [motte iru]
       tsuzuita seki       [tsuzuite iru]
       tsukareta kao       [tsukarete iru]


© Norio Ota 2000