JP2000 Lecture 22

TE - Form + MO:

Conditional: 'even if'

	Ame ga futte mo iku tsumori desu.
	Takakute mo kaimasu.
	Anata ga ikanakute mo watashi wa ikimasu.
	[N.B.] *Ame ga futte mo ikimashita.

--- TE MO, ... TE MO: 'whether --- or ...'

	Suto ga atte mo nakute mo kurasu o shimasu.
	Wakatte mo wakaranakute mo yonde mite kudasai.

--- TE MO II/YOROShiI/KAMAWANAI: permission 'may', 'it is OK if'

	Moo kaette mo ii desu ka.
	Ashita wa konakute mo kamaimasen yo.
	Denwa o okari-shite mo yoroshii deshoo ka.
	[N.B.]   -nakute mo ii 'do not have to'

     Response to a request for permission:

	Haitte mo ii desu ka.  
	Ee, doozo/ii desu yo/kamaimasen yo.
	A, chotto matte kudasai/mada hairanai de kudasai.

	Ashita ikanakute mo ii desu ka.
	Ee, ii desu yo.
	Iya, yahari itte kudasai/kuremasen ka.

Negative Request:

	Yasumanaide  	| .                     [F]
			| ne.                   [F]
              		| yo.                   [M]
			| kure yo.              [M]
			| kurenai.              [N]
			| kurenai ka.          	[M]
			| kudasai.              [N]
			| kudasaranai.         	[F]
			| kudasaimasen ka.	[N]

Sentence + Abstract Noun

 S + HAZU: speaker's expectation or conjecture based on his/her knowledge

 Spres + HAZU desu: 'be supposed to', 'ought to'; 'I do not expect otherwise'

	Kare wa kono kaigi ni deru hazu desu.
	Ano gakusee wa Nihongo ga hanasenai hazu desu.
	Kono gurai no Kanji wa wakaru hazu desu.
	[N.B.] *Watashi wa ikanai hazu desu.
		Watashi wa ikanai daroo to omoimasu.

 Spres + HAZU deshita: 'was (not) supposed to..., but...'

	Tomodachi wa kuru hazu deshita ga, yuki de koraremasen deshita.
	Hanasanai hazu deshita ga, hanashite shimaimashita.
	[N.B.]  Watashi wa ikanai hazu deshita ga, tomodachi no kawari ni ikimashita.

 Spast + HAZU desu: 'must have', 'I should expect'

	Haha wa kaimono ni itta hazu desu.
	Chichi wa Yooroppa e wa ikanakatta hazu desu.
	[N.B.]  Motto yoku dekita hazu desu. "You could have done much better."

 Spres + HAZU de wa nai/nakatta: 'it is not that ...be supposed to'

	Kodomo wa mada kaette kuru hazu de wa nai n desu ga, doo shita no
	deshoo.
	Nihongo ga hanaseru hazu de wa nai n desu ga, Nihonjin to hanashite
	imasu nee.
	Kyoo wa ame ga furu hazu de wa nakatta n desu ga, furi-hajimemashita nee.
	Konna hazu de wa nakatta.

 S + HAZU ga/wa nai: 'no reason to expect'

	Kuru to itta kara konai hazu wa nai.
	Kare wa itsumo okureru kara, maniau hazu ga nai.
	Mada ichi-nen da kara, konna Kanji o shitte iru hazu ga arimasen.


S + SOO: Hearsay 'it is said', 'they say', 'I have heard'

	Ano hito wa isha da soo desu.
	Nihongo wa omoshiroi soo desu.
	Shigoto o sagashite iru soo desu.
	Rainen Kanada ni kaeru soo desu.
	Kyonen daigaku o sotsugyoo-shita soo desu.
	Shiranakatta soo desu.
	[N.B.] SOO: 'it seems', 'it appears'
		Ame ga furi-soo desu.
		Kanji wa muzukashi-soo desu.

	'according to': --- ni yoru to/ --- no hanashi de wa
		Terebi no nyuusu ni yoru to, sensee ga suto o suru soo desu.
		Tomodachi no hanashi de wa Detoroito wa totemo abunai soo desu.

Counters: weight

	gm  : -guramu 
	kgm : -kiro(-guramu)
	ton : -ton
	lb  : -pondo
	oz  : -onsu