Every one is able to develop one native language as long as s/he gets enough exposure to the language and its culture. Many develop multilingual capacity. Language is by far the best medium to educate yourself to be a member of the global village. It is quite exciting to find and learn how other people in different cultures perceive world, express themselves, and interact with each other. It is no exaggeration to say that you will learn about another world. I believe that knowing at least another language as well as your native language is a must for living in an ever changing world.
Acquiring another language, however, is not as easy as many people think. It requires a lot of time, patience, self-discipline, strong motivation, and active participation. What is more, once you begin to learn another language, you cannot stop in the middle, for you will forget what you have learned very quickly. In this regard language-learning is a life-long commitment. Good language learners are those who develop originality and creativity, sensitivity to another language and culture, communicative competence and skills in the native and target languages, and personal opinions on various issues. If you are not communicative in your own language, how can you be communicative in another language?
In foreign language courses at the university level, students are expected to go far beyond learning four skills [listening, speaking, reading, writing] in the target language. By being exposed to a different language and its culture, students will learn to be cross-culturally communicative. This education and training for cross-cultural communication is the core discipline involved in language learning. Our objective is to help you acquire cross-cultural education and training by using the Japanese language as a medium.
Economically speaking Japan is the second largest trade partner for Canada. People who know about Japan and speak the language fluently are still in short supply. There exist various opportunities for study and work in Japan and Japan-related fields in Canada and other countries. Educationally speaking, exposure to a seemingly quite 'foreign' language and culture helps students develop awareness of themselves and appreciation of their own cultures as well. While there are many differences between Japan [Japanese] and Canada [English], students will also find a lot of similarities between them. It is important to note that Canada has some Japanese-Canadian heritage.
When one looks at languages in the world, the Japanese language belongs to the majority which are based on the word order (SOV: Subject-Object-Verb). It is considered to be one of the Ural-Altaic language family, which includes Korean, Turkish, Mongolian, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian and others. As far as the grammar and vocabulary are concerned, Japanese is not any more difficult than other languages, but reading and writing pose a considerable difficulty for Canadians because of two basic writing systems and Kanji [Sino-Japanese characters].
Language study involves not only passive aspects [memorization, recitation, drills, pattern practice and so forth] but also active and creative aspects [analysis and comprehension of what is said or written, synthesis of what is learned, and communicative application of the language in actual situations]. In this course communicative aspects are strongly emphasized so that students will be able to function in actual conversation. Therefore, tutorials will not be conducted in such a way that the instructor gives lectures and drills and the students respond to him/her, but instead the students are encouraged to interact with both the instructor and other students in the class in actual communication [active participation]. Those who are not familiar with this type of individualistic, heuristic, and creative language study will need to change their views and learning strategies very fast. Communication involves at least two parties. Here good pronunciation is crucial, because the other party tends to judge your linguistic ability based on your pronunciation. Even if your grammar is correct, if the pronunciation is poor, people think that they cannot communicate with you. Poor pronunciation also hampers your listening comprehension. Non-verbal communication, body language in particular is also a very important factor in communication.
There is no one way to study language that is good for every one; every person has a different learning style and strategy. Try out various ways and find the best method and system for you as soon as possible. The following are some suggestions.
* Good preparation and review are very important. Always read the
explanation of the textbook and the Lecture Notes in order to
familiarize yourself with the dialogues, important grammatical items,
and new vocabulary before you go to the class or LAB.
* Try to use what you have learned in the class and elsewhere in your own
way. Repeating the utterances presented in the textbook alone is not
sufficient. Think of situations where you can say what you want to say and
how the other party may respond to you.
* In recitation and drills always be aware of what you are saying with what
purpose. Automatic recitation in LAB without knowing what you are saying
may be good only for basic pronunciation practice.
* Do not try to review everything at once. You will not have time to go back
to review all the lessons covered. A steady accumulation of the knowledge
and use of the language is the only way to proceed further in language
study. You cannot cram everything overnight for the test either.
* Make use of weekends for review. When you review, focus on the items
difficult to understand, and make sure you understand all the important
items involved in the lesson every week. It is helpful to change your
review method to avoid boredom.
* Study with your friends and if you should miss a class, make sure you get
all the information from them. Oral performance will benefit greatly from
practising with your friends or other Japanese students on campus.
Viewing Japanese TV programs and video tapes is helpful for listening
comprehension and understanding of socio-cultural aspects of Japan.
Second Language Acquisition [SLA]
Cross-Cultural Communication [CCC]
Non-Verbal Communication [NVC]
Communicative Approach [Com Apr]
Four Skills [Speaking, Listening, Reading, Writing]
Linguistics
Sociolinguistics
Pragmatics
Discourse
Syntax
Semantics
Morphology
Phonology
Segmental
Supra-segmental
Accentuation
Intonation
Phonetics
Lexicon
Grammar
Text
Paragraph
Sentence [S]
Clause [C]
Main Clause [MC]
Subordinate Clause [SC]
Relative Clause [RC]
Phrase [P]
Noun Phrase [NP]
Verb Phrase [VP]
Adjectival Phrase [AP]
Adverbial Phrase [AdP]
Parts of Speech
Noun [N]
Pronoun [Pro]
Adjective [A]
Adverb [Ad]
Verb [V]
Adjectival Noun [AN]
Particle [P]
Connective [Con]
Conjunction [Cnj]
Grammatical Functions, Conjugation and Processes
Subject [Sub]
Object [Obj]
Locative [Loc]
Temporal [Temp]
Instrumental [Inst]
Agent [Agt]
Nominalization [Nom]
Possessive [Pos]
Passive [Pas]
Causative [Caus]
Apposition
Coordination
Subordination
Conjugation
Plural [pl]
Singular [sing]
Animate
Inanimate
Tense [Tns]
Modality [Mod]
Aspect [Asp]
Transitive Verb [Vtr]
Intransitive Verb [Vintr]
Verb Stem [Vst]
Adjective Stem [Ast]
Verb Present Tense [Vpres]
Verb Past Tense [Vpst]
Auxiliary Verb [Vaux]
Verb noun form [Vn]
Verb Te-form [Vte]
Adjective Te-form [Ate]
Verb Imperative form [Vimp]
Verb Masu-form [= Vn]
Discourse
Topic [Top]
Comment [Com]
Ellipsis
Cohesion
Speech Acts [SA]
Stating
Questioning
Greeting
Arguing
Discussing
Congratulating
Requesting
Criticising
Complaining
Scolding
Explaining
Describing
Celebrating
Conforting
Advising
